The Geography of Incarceration

The Boston Foundation's Boston Indicators Project, MassINC, and the Massachusetts Criminal Justice Reform Coalition, released The Geography of Incarceration: The Cost and Consequences of High Incarceration Rates in Vulnerable City Neighborhoods, a new study that compares the geography of incarceration to the geography of crime in our city.The report accessed a novel data set from Suffolk County Sheriff Steve Tompkins and depicts how incarcerations have had a disproportionate impact on Boston's most vulnerable neighborhoods."This is needed work because the American criminal justice is characterized by high incarceration rates, especially for people of color. This produces cascading negative effects, not just on the lives of the imprisoned but on their families, neighborhoods and our city as a whole," said Paul Grogan, President and CEO of the Foundation.  "I'm hopeful that this work will build on the leadership Chief Justice Gants and the commitment from Governor Baker, Speaker DeLeo and Senate President Rosenberg to work with the Council of State Governments to produce meaningful reform."Among the report's findings, are:Even as Massachusetts has touted its "progressiveness," incarceration rates have been rising faster in recent years in this state than in the rest of the United States, as a whole.More was spent in 2013 incarcerating Codman Square residents than on statewide gang prevention efforts.The cost of housing all Suffolk County Jail inmates in 2013 was two-and-a-half times the Commonwealth's combined FY13 budgets for Bunker Hill and Roxbury community colleges and nearly as much as Boston's combined budgets for Parks and Recreation and Youth and Families departments.The report was released during a forum at The Boston Foundation that included a panel discussion with Suffolk County Sheriff Steve Tompkins, Boston City Councilor Andrea Campbell, State Representative Evandro Carvalho, and John Larivee, President & CEO of Community Resources for Justice. The report recommended a series of reforms, including the redesigning houses of correction so they excel at addressing risks and needs, and eliminating mandatory minimum jail sentences, and in increased focus on diversion and re-entry programming for offenders

Beyond the Landlord: A strategic management perspective on the port authority

Hagdorn-van der Meijden, E. [Promotor]Langen, P.W. de [Promotor

Sex Difference in Medieval Theology and Canon Law: A Tribute to Joan Cadden

International audienceIn order to evaluate the role and importance of sex difference in medieval theology and canon law, this article concentrates on two cases: the hermaphrodite's access to the sacraments of baptism, marriage and ordination, and the creation of the first woman. The author shows that, compared to other intellectual frameworks (Roman law, medieval muslim law), medieval theology, but especially canon law was relatively egalitarian.Etude du rôle et de l'importance de la différence sexuelle dans le droit canon et la théologie, à travers deux cas: l'accès de l'hermaphrodite aux sacrements (baptême, mariage, ordination) et la création de la première femme. L'auteur montre que, comparés à d'autres discours (droit romain, droit médiéval musulman), la théologie et surtout le droit canon défendent des positions relativement égalitaires

The Foreground and Background of Consciousness

This paper questions the tendency of philosophers, especially in the free will debate, to posit a certain experience of the self as introspectively obvious. It will attempt to demonstrate that introspection can create an experience of the self that is different from self-experience prior to introspection: hence, that introspection can distort self-experience. It will be argued that although there is room for the use of introspection in phenomenology and philosophy, this use should be continually questioned and open to re-examination. The concepts of a foreground and background will be introduced as a more productive way of understanding and visualising consciousness